Pacific Tattoo: History of tattoos

(Photo by Irving Herzberg 1961 ©www.https://artblart.com/)

FIRST TATTOO SHOP IN UNITED STATES OPENED IN 1846

The tradition of tattooing and body marking goes back in history to at least 4000 BC, as seen on ancient mummies. The connection between tattoos and warriors, or those defending their home, may be just as old. In ancient Rome, soldiers were tattooed with ident Societies around the world have had special tattoo designs for their warriors such as the blue patterns used by the Picts of Scotland and the black patterns created by the Maori of New Zealand. In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church, which is not known for allowing body art, encouraged Crusader knights who tattooed the Holy Cross on their bodies.

The tradition of American military tattoos begins with the Navy. Exposure to Polynesian tattoos in the 1700’s may have led to an explosion of tattooing among British, and then American, sailors. The word tattoo is Polynesian and entered the English language following Captain Cook’s voyages in the South Pacific. Sailors used tattoos to show their achievements: an anchor meant he had crossed the Atlantic Ocean, a turtle indicated an equator crossing, and a ship meant he had sailed around Cape Horn. Tattoos were also used as talismans against superstition, and many of these motifs are still used by sailors today.

During the Revolutionary War, a sailor’s tattoos were listed officially on their protection papers, which helped identify them as American if they were being pressed into the British Royal Navy. By the time of the Civil War a hundred years later, tattooing had spread to the Army. Each regiment was known to have at least one guy who could tattoo, with flags and weapons being popular. Tattoo artist Martin Hildebrandt, who opened the first tattoo shop in the United States in 1846, also traveled around the country tattooing soldiers.

(Photo of Jacob Hildebrandt displaying tattoos thought to be the work of Martin Hildebrandt ©www.artworldconfidential.org.)

In the U.S., tattooing was synonymous with sailors and soldiers until the 20th century when it became popular with countercultural groups like gangs and circus sideshows. This changed the view of body art into one associated with deviant behavior and the popularity of tattoos waned, even amongst the military. During the World Wars, official policy required tattoos to be covered by the uniform. Finally, in the 1970s body art became acceptable in the mainstream culture and military tattooing also saw a resurgence with art that reflected ones’ field of service, experiences, and patriotism. Recently, tattoos have also been used as therapy for service members handling post-traumatic stress or chronic pain.

a person tattooing the other person’s arm. three people are seeing it.

Navy Tattoo featured in “400 Photographs of Tattoos from the Last Century” by David McComb. (©David McComb/www.tattoodo.com)

La Belle Irene French postcard 1890 ©www.artblart.com (©www.artblart.com)

MEANING BEHIND CLASSIC SAILOR TATTOOS

(Full-rigged Ship)

Full-rigged Ship - The sailing era tattoo of a sailing ship under full sail signifies that the sailor circled Cape Horn, the southern tip of South America.

(Nautical Star)

Nautical Star - is a symbol of a sailor who can always find his way home.

(Anchor)

Anchor - A single anchor indicates that a sailor has crossed the Atlantic or was a member of the merchant marine.

(Swallow)

Swallow - Sailors earn a new swallow tattoo for every 5,000 nautical miles they traveled.

(Crosses )

Crosses - They are believed to be applied on the soles of the feet to ward off hungry sharks.

MOST POPULAR MILITARY TATTOOS

Flags, units, branch logos, dog tags, rank insignia, Maltese crosses, and deployment-related tattoos are common amongst all of the branches. But some motifs are held tightly within the culture and superstitions of certain military branches and units.